Popularly known as Indian ebony or Ceylon ebony occurring in South India and Sri Lanka. J G K ) published in 1781 in the rst . When produced, the heartwood can be black with rosy, yellowish, brownish, or ashy streaks, sometimes it is nearly or totally black; it is generally sharply demarcated from the thin to very wide band of whitish, yellowish, or red sapwood. In the light of habitat uniqueness, species richness and sacred grove status, the need for conservation is emphasized. The sowing media for ebony uses soil and fine sand at the ratio 3:1. A total of 54 species (in 47 genera and 31 families) were recorded. J G K ) published in 1781 in the rst . Rev R), 2007: Red List of threatened fauna and [22] IUCN (I U  C  nus Diospyros L. (Ebenaceae) in India.
The apex is (sub)acute to obtuse and the veins are minutely reticulate, raised and conspic-uous on both surfaces, while the mid-vein is clearly visi-have ne soft hairs on the surface at the earliest stage of Male owers: 3–16 owers appear as short axillary cymes, the peduncle is up to 0.5cm long and the pedicles reachglabrous and the 4 lobes are obscure, ciliate, and obtuse.The corolla is tubular to salver formed, up to 1cm across and up to 7mm long; the 4 lobes are ovate-oblong, 6mm long and acute.

factors - Climatic, edaphic, and biotic - which influence The logs are relatively small and sold currently for sale on the internet, with prices up to USD achieved by sowing 2–3 seeds directly in big pots. reached, a Bibliography, and description of the plates.The present paper highlights the economic utility of the genus Diospyros L. (Ebenaceae) in India.The Southeast Asian Region The Natural Environment Natural Change Prior to the Human Presence The Arrival of Hominids and Humans Foraging and Agriculture Crops and Livestock Changing Agricultural Practice Wet-Rice Cultivation Livestock Forests and Forestry A Two-Track Pattern ReferencesThis study examines the diversity and character transformations in pollen and orbicule morphology of Ebenaceae, with a focus on subfamily Ebenoideae (ca. International Plant Names Index. ; it is a favorite for musical instruments, especially finger boards and keys of guitars; furniture, cabinetwork, inlaying; paper weights, inkstands and similar desk supplies; the sapwood, which is almost as hard as the heartwood and very much tougher, is an excellent material for T-squares and other drawing instruments, for shuttles, bobbins, spindles, golf-club heads and shafts, axe, pick, and hammer handles, etc[ 721 ].A plant of comparatively dry areas in the tropics[ 303 ]. Diospyros ebenum, or Ceylon ebony (Sinhala: කළුවර), is a species of tree in the genus Diospyros and the family Ebenaceae. Only comments or links that are felt to be directly relevant to a plant will be included. The leaves are entire-like and have a prolonged oval form, about 6–15 centimetres (2.4–5.9 in) long and 3–5 centimetres (1.2–2.0 in) wide. Synonym Full Citation Basionym Type; Diospyros ebenum var. Each fruit contains at the back, tapering at the front to 0–1mm. It resembles small persimmon fruit. We traced palynological synapomorphies for groups at different taxonomic levels: subfamily level (pollen size, pollen wall stratification and aperture morphology), generic level (size, equatorial outline and sexine ornamentation types) and subgeneric clades (size, ectocolpus morphology, equatorial outline and sexine ornamentation subtypes) respectively. A substantial amount of variation is found in pollen size, equatorial outline (lobate, subtriangular, circular and hexagonal) and sexine ornamentation type ((micro)rugulate, striate, granulate and gemmate). By this time, German carpenters had already specialised in the man-ufacture of valuable ebony cabinets, which were traded with the royal court of Spain [9]. The seedlings develop long taproots at an early stage, often before any appreciable elongation of the shoot takes place. In Egypt, ebony was most likely used as earspecies [41]. From the 16th and 17th century onwards, ebony was often included in furniture construction and was in demand by those strata of soci-in the 17th century to make furniture in the Royal Fur-time apparently represents the peak of the world’s ebony trade, because from that time onwards it declined tre-time as an inlay and for ornamental pieces. Ceylon ebony wood high demand caused the threat of this species extinction.

The heartwood (or sometimes sap and heart together) is used for scabbards, canes, hilts, tool handles, gunstocks, saw frames, etc. First of all the felling were made without any consideration for silvicultural requirements. Popularly known as Indian ebony or Ceylon ebony occurring in South India and Sri Lanka. It tends to darken with age and crack nal structure with rectangular pieces in a younger stage of the tree development and scales at a more advanced often tears while transplanting seedlings.
For millennia, ebony has been harvested in India so that by the time of the British arrival a large percentage of the ebony was already cut, mostly by using very destructive methods [37].


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